Introduction
Hormonal balance is fundamental to male reproductive health, sexual function, physical strength, and psychological stability. Testosterone, the principal male androgen, plays a central role in spermatogenesis, libido, muscle mass development, bone density, and metabolic regulation. Andrology focuses extensively on the diagnosis and management of hormonal disorders in men.
Physiology of Male Hormones
Testosterone production is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Disruption at any level of this axis can lead to hormonal deficiency or imbalance, erotic sense, affecting reproductive and systemic health. Adequate androgen levels are essential from puberty through old age.
Androgen Deficiency and Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism may be congenital or acquired and is increasingly diagnosed in aging men. Symptoms include fatigue, reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, depression, decreased muscle mass, and cognitive changes. Obesity, diabetes, and chronic illness further exacerbate hormonal decline.
Management and Monitoring
Andrological management includes lifestyle optimization, treatment of underlying conditions, and hormone replacement therapy when clinically justified. Careful monitoring is essential to prevent adverse effects and maintain long-term safety.
Conclusion
Hormonal health is inseparable from men’s overall well-being. Andrology provides evidence-based strategies to restore hormonal balance and improve quality of life.